What is Bayes Rule?

Bayes rule provides us with a way to update our beliefs based on the arrival of new, relevant pieces of evidence. For example, if we were trying to provide the probability that a given person has cancer, we would initially just say it is whatever percent of the population has cancer. However, given additional evidence such as the fact that the person is a smoker, we can update our probability, since the probability of having cancer is higher given that…