Simplified Mathematics behind Neural Networks

Image by Alina Grubnyak on Unsplash

Neural Networks are universal approximators that maps data to information. What does this mean? Can Neural Networks solve any problem? Neural Networks are a proven solution for scene-by-scene/frame-by-frame analysis, stock price prediction, in retail, and for many other purposes. Many of us are using it at the enterprise level, but how many of us truly understand it?