Tips and Tricks

Establishing Causality: Part 4

Taking advantage of policy shifts with Difference-In-Differences

Michał Oleszak
8 min readOct 27, 2021

--

Image by the author.

People tend to think in a cause-and-effect way. Whenever we observe an outcome, our brain immediately suggests the most likely causes. It comes naturally and feels easy. It is, however, much harder to quantify the impact of the cause on the effect in a…

--

--