An intuitive explanation of Hypothesis Testing and P-Values

A few years ago I did my first freelance gig in statistics for a company in the supply chain of fruit and vegetables. 24 hours a day, incoming products from farmers underwent quality control before being sent onwards to supermarkets, based on random sampling by quality controllers.

In the year over year quality report comparison, they noticed less quality this year than the previous year, something in the order of half a point on a 1 to 10 scale.